Dual voltage modulations in OmniTrak

In the Track mode (single-particle orbits), OmniTrak has long had the capability of including temporal modulations of electric and magnetic fields to approximate RF fields in the long-wavelength limit. For electric fields, the procedure has been to multiply potential values by a modulation function M(t). Recently, I have worked on an application to design an RF [...]

Strange orbits in Trak

I recently had questions from two Trak users who thought they had observed non-physical particle orbits. Particles were repelled from the axis in cylindrical calculations, even when there were no applied electric or magnetic fields. The first figure shows a demo example of the effect for proton transport in a field-free region.

The explanation is simple, but [...]