Internal voids in HeatWave

A customer recently reported strange behavior of HeatWave thermal solutions involving internal voids. A void material is one that has zero thermal conductivity. Therefore, it acts as an ideal thermal insulator. Voids are also used in solutions where objects emit thermal radiation. In this case, void elements act as an infinite vacuum. The intersections with voids [...]

Transparent electrodes in OmniTrak

There are occasions in OmniTrak simulations when charged particles should pass through fixed potential surfaces. One example is the passage of high-energy electrons through a thin foil. Another example suggested by a customer are trajectories in the vicinity of the plasma column of a cyclotron ion source. Here, the plasma acts as a fixed-potential volumetric body [...]

Conditions for corona discharges

This article briefly reviews the nature of corona discharges around high-voltage electric equipment in air. A previous article covered the theory of a self-sustained gas breakdown in a planar gap. Equation 9.47 gives the threshhold voltage for breakdown, Vs (volt) in a gap of with d (cm) at gas pressure p (torr). The gas parameters Vsmin [...]

Non-recursive directory tree assembly in RealBasic

Recursion is the crystal meth of computer programing. It may seem terrific the first time you try it, but generally leads to negative long-term consequences. A good general rule is never use recursion if there is any alternative. Finding all the subdirectories and files in a parent directory is a task where recursion is often invoked [...]

Gas breakdown theory

I recently consulted on issues of corona discharges from equipment near high-voltage power lines. It was an opportunity to review material from my book Principles of Charged Particle Acceleration. Corona is a practical topic of general interest, so I decided to include the information in this blog. This article deals with a necessary preliminary: the physics [...]