Floating electrodes in electric-field calculations

This note gives suggestions on modeling floating electrodes in EStat, RFE2, HiPhi or RFE3. A floating electrode is a piece of metal whose potential you don’t know in advance. For example, metal grading rings in an pulsed-voltage insulator have potentials determined by capacitive division in the structure.

To begin, consider a dielectric-type electrostatic calculation in EStat or [...]

Cathode temperature in Trak and OmniTrak

We recently improved features in Trak and OmniTrak for adding angular divergence to beams extracted in the space-charge, field-emission and plasma-emission modes. If you specify a source temperature Ts, the program introduces an angular divergence based on a Maxwell distribution of transverse energy. At first glance, one would be tempted to associate the source temperature with [...]

Mystery particle stopping in OmniTrak

There are many options to terminate orbits in the 3D charged-particle code OmniTrak. We have had several user reports that particles appeared to stop mysteriously part way through the solution volume. This article discusses how to diagnose and correct the problem.

The first and most critical step is to find out why the particles are stopping. Add [...]